pseudobulbar palsies การใช้

• This disorder should not be confused with pseudobulbar palsy or progressive spinal muscular atrophy.
• Diagnosis of pseudobulbar palsy is based on observation of the symptoms of the condition.
• Pseudobulbar palsy is the result of damage of motor fibers traveling from the cerebral cortex to the lower brain stem.
• The most common disorders of laughter are associated with pseudobulbar palsy, which can be caused by severe brain trauma, most commonly in the right hemisphere.
• It has been suggested that the majority of patients with pathological laughter and crying have pseudobulbar palsy due to bilateral corticobulbar lesions and often a bipyrimidal involvement of arms and legs.
• In contrast, pseudobulbar palsy describes impairment of function of cranial nerves IX-XII due to " upper motor neuron " lesions of the corticobulbar tracts in the mid-pons.
• Unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy can be effective at reducing Parkinsonism, but is associated with impaired language learning ( if performed on the depression along with slurred, unintelligible speech, drooling, and pseudobulbar palsy.
• "' Pseudobulbar palsy "'is a medical condition characterized by the inability to control facial movements ( such as chewing and speaking ) and caused by a variety of neurological disorders.
• Pseudobulbar palsy is a clinical syndrome similar to bulbar palsy but the damage is located in upper motor neurons, that is the nerve cells coming down from the cerebral cortex innervating the motor nuclei in the medulla.
• They include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ), primary lateral sclerosis ( PLS ), progressive muscular atrophy ( PMA ), progressive bulbar palsy ( PBP ) and pseudobulbar palsy; spinal muscular atrophies are also sometimes included in the group.
• If the " corticobulbar tract " is damaged on only one side, then only the lower face will be affected, however if there is involvement of both the left and right tracts, then the result is pseudobulbar palsy.
• The proposed mechanism of pseudobulbar palsy points to the disinhibition of the motor neurons controlling laughter and crying, proposing that a reciprocal pathway exists between the cerebellum and the brain stem that adjusts laughter and crying responses, making them appropriate to context.
• The clinical characterizations of BPP " include pseudobulbar palsy with diplegia of the facial, pharyngeal and masticory muscles ( facio-pharyngo-glosso-masticatory paresis ), pyramidal signs, and seizures . " These can result in drooling, feeding issues, restricted tongue movement, and dysarthria.
• PBA has also been observed in association with a variety of other brain disorders, including brain tumors, Wilson's disease, syphilitic pseudobulbar palsy, and various chemical exposure ( e . g ., nitrous oxide and insecticides ), " fou rire prodromique ", and Angelman syndrome.